The Most Common Types Of Nail Infections: Causes, Symptoms, And Treatments

Nail infections are a common foot health issue, affecting up to 14% of the general population. While they may start seemingly minor, these persistent infections can lead to significant pain, discomfort, and even permanent nail damage if left untreated.

There are several different types of nail infections, each with its unique causes, symptoms, and treatment approaches. In this article, we’ll explore the most common types of nail infections, their underlying causes, how to recognize the telltale signs, and the best ways to manage them.

1. Fungal Nail Infections (Onychomycosis)

Fungal nail infections, also known as onychomycosis, are by far the most prevalent type of nail infection. They are caused by a group of fungi known as dermatophytes that thrive in warm, moist environments.

Causes:

• Walking barefoot in public areas like pools or showers
• Sharing personal items like towels or nail clippers
• Trauma or damage to the nail
• Weakened immune system
• Poor circulation (common in diabetes)

Symptoms:

• Yellowing, browning, or white discoloration of the nail
• Thickening and distortion of the nail shape
• Brittle, crumbly, or ragged nail texture
• Foul nail odor
• Dark debris buildup under the nail

Treatment:

• Topical antifungal lacquers or ointments
• Oral antifungal medications
• Laser or photodynamic therapy
• In severe cases, partial or full nail removal

Related: Top 10 Nail Fungus Symptoms To Watch Out For

2. Bacterial Nail Infections

Bacterial nail infections, also called paronychia, are caused by bacteria that invade the skin around the nail. They can be either acute (sudden onset) or chronic.

Causes:

• Nail biting or picking
• Manicures or pedicures
• Skin trauma around the nail
• Underlying medical conditions like diabetes

Symptoms:

• Redness, swelling, and pain around the nail
• Pus-filled blisters or abscesses
• Discharge or oozing from the nail fold
• Potential nail discoloration or deformation

Treatment:

• Topical antibacterial ointments
• Oral antibiotics
• Warm soaks or compresses
• Drainage of abscesses if necessary

3. Ingrown Toenails

Ingrown toenails occur when the corner or side of the nail grows into the surrounding skin, causing pain, inflammation, and potential infection.

Causes:

• Improper nail trimming
• Tight, ill-fitting shoes
• Trauma to the toe
• Genetics (predisposition to curved nails)

Symptoms:

• Pain, redness, and swelling around the nail
• Skin irritation and tenderness
• Discharge or pus around the nail
• Potential development of an abscess

Treatment:

• Conservative methods like soaking, soft pads, and proper nail trimming
• Partial or complete nail removal surgery for chronic or severe cases

Related: How To Know If Toenail Fungus Is Dying: Signs Of Progress To Look For

4. Viral Nail Infections (Warts)

Viral nail infections, known as periungual warts, are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) and can appear on or around the nails.

Causes:

• Direct contact with the virus, often in public places
• Weakened immune system
• Damage or trauma to the nail or skin

Symptoms:

• Rough, cauliflower-like growths on the skin around the nail
• Discoloration or distortion of the nail plate
• Pain or tenderness in the affected area

Treatment:

• Topical wart removal medications
• Cryotherapy (freezing the wart)
• Laser treatment
• Surgical removal in severe cases

Natural Remedies For Treat Nail Infections

Here are some natural remedies that may help treat nail infections:

1. Tea Tree Oil: This essential oil has antifungal and antiseptic properties. Apply a few drops of tea tree oil directly to the affected nail using a cotton ball. Cover with a bandage.
2. Apple Cider Vinegar: The acidic nature of apple cider vinegar makes it difficult for fungi to thrive. Soak the affected nails in a solution of equal parts apple cider vinegar and water for 30 minutes daily.
3. Baking Soda: Create a paste by mixing baking soda and water. Gently scrub the affected nails with this paste to help soften and remove debris.
4. Oregano Oil: Known for its potent antifungal properties, oregano oil can be diluted with carrier oil and applied topically to the infected nail.
5. Garlic: Crush a fresh garlic clove and apply the paste directly to the infected nail. Garlic contains allicin, which has antifungal effects.
6. Coconut Oil: The medium-chain fatty acids in coconut oil have antimicrobial properties. Massage coconut oil into the affected nails and surrounding skin.
7. Hydrogen Peroxide: A 3% hydrogen peroxide solution can be used to soak the infected nails, as it can help kill fungi and bacteria.

It’s important to be consistent and patient when trying natural remedies, as nail infections can be stubborn. If the infection persists or worsens, consult a healthcare professional.

Related: How To Grow Toenails Faster? 5 Proven Methods To Stimulate Nail Growth!

Conclusion

No matter the type of nail infection, prompt diagnosis, and proper treatment are essential to prevent the condition from worsening. If you notice any unusual changes or symptoms in your nails, it’s important to see a podiatrist or dermatologist right away.

Your healthcare provider can accurately identify the type of nail infection, rule out any underlying conditions, and develop an effective treatment plan. This may involve a combination of topical medications, oral treatments, procedures, and lifestyle modifications to restore the health and appearance of your nails.

With the right care and management, most nail infections can be successfully treated and prevented from recurring. Pay close attention to your nail health, practice good foot hygiene, and don’t hesitate to seek medical attention if you suspect a problem. By staying vigilant, you can avoid the complications and discomfort that nail infections can cause.